Spine
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Whiplash Injury Diagnosis, Symptoms & Treatment
Whiplash injury is an acceleration–deceleration mechanism of energy transfer to the neck. It may result from rear-end or...
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Hangman’s Fracture
Hangman’s fracture or traumatic spondylolisthesis of C2 is characterized by bilateral fractures of the pars interarticularis with varying...
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Dermatome Distribution
A dermatome distribution is defined as the area of skin supplied by a single nerve root. The area...
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Thoracolumbar Spine Burst Fractures
Injuries to the thoracolumbar spine are usually the result of high-energy blunt trauma. The mechanism of thoracolumbar spine...
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Odontoid Fracture
Odontoid fractures constitute 8–18% of all cervical fractures, with neurological deficits occurring in 10–20% of cases. High-velocity trauma...
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Atlas Fracture | Diagnosis, Classification & Treatment
Atlas Fractures constitute approximately 7% of cervical spine fractures and are rarely associated with neurological injury. This is...
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Occipitocervical Dissociation
Occipitocervical Dissociation are high-energy injuries resulting from a combination of hyperextension, distraction and rotation at the craniocervical junction....
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Occipital Condyle Fractures
Occipital condyle fractures should be considered a marker for potentially lethal trauma, with an 11% mortality rate from...
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Spondylolisthesis: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment
Spondylolisthesis is a pathological condition that can develop as a progression of spondylolysis. It is characterized by defects...
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Spinal Spondylolysis
Spinal Spondylolysis is a defect in the pars interarticularis, the area of the vertebral arch between the inferior...
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Facet Joint Dysfunction
Facet joint Dysfunction may involve subluxation of the facet or degeneration of the facet itself leading to hypermobility...
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Spine Manipulation Technique
Spine manipulation technique was used by Flynn and colleagues in a heterogeneous population of patients with low back...
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