Longus Colli Muscle Anatomy

The longus colli muscle presents as a complex, three-part structure situated along the anterior surface of the cervical vertebrae. This muscle extends from the atlas (C1) to the third thoracic vertebra (T3), demonstrating a unique triangular configuration that facilitates its multifaceted functions in neck movement and stability.

Longus Colli Muscle Anatomy

The longus colli muscle comprises three distinct portions, each contributing to its comprehensive functionality:

• The superior oblique portion originates from the anterior tubercles of the transverse processes of C3-C5 vertebrae and inserts into the anterior tubercle of the atlas.
• The vertical portion, the most extensive component, originates from the vertebral bodies of T1-T3 and C5-C7, inserting into the vertebral bodies of C2-C4.
• The inferior oblique portion extends from the vertebral bodies of T1-T3 to the anterior tubercles of the transverse processes of C5-C6.

See Also: Brachial Plexus Anatomy Overview – Easy Tutorial

The longus colli muscle receives its innervation through the direct branches of cervical spinal nerves C2-C6, facilitating precise motor control. The arterial supply primarily derives from the ascending cervical artery, a branch of the thyrocervical trunk, with additional contributions from segmental branches of the vertebral artery. This rich vascular network ensures optimal muscle function and maintenance.

The longus colli muscle serves as a primary flexor of the cervical spine, working in synergy with other anterior neck muscles. Its unique three-part structure enables it to perform multiple functions: the superior oblique portion facilitates lateral flexion and rotation, while the vertical and inferior oblique portions primarily contribute to cervical flexion. This anatomical arrangement allows for precise control of head and neck movements.

Clinical Significance

The longus colli muscle’s deep location makes it susceptible to various clinical conditions, including whiplash-associated disorders and cervical spondylosis. Its involvement in maintaining cervical lordosis and providing anterior vertebral support underscores its significance in both conservative and surgical management strategies.

References & More

1. Gray’s Anatomy: The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice, 42nd Edition https://www.elsevier.com/books/grays-anatomy/standring/978-0-7020-7710-5
2. Park MS, Moon SH, Kim TH, Oh JK, Kim HJ, Park KT, Riew KD. Surgical Anatomy of the Longus Colli Muscle and Uncinate Process in the Cervical Spine. Yonsei Med J. 2016 Jul;57(4):968-72. PubMed
3. McDavid LJ, Khan YS. Anatomy, Head and Neck, Prevertebral Muscles. [Updated 2023 Aug 28]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024 Jan-. Available from: Pubmed