Throwing Test

The Throwing Test targets the assessment of the long head of the biceps tendon and labral pathology, providing valuable insights into shoulder dysfunction.

The throwing test’s significance lies in its ability to replicate the biomechanical stresses experienced during the throwing motion. Understanding the anatomical basis enhances the test’s diagnostic value. The test position engages multiple shoulder structures, including the biceps-labral complex, which commonly becomes pathological in throwing athletes.

How to perform the Throwing Test?

The throwing test requires precise positioning and execution. The examiner positions the patient in standing, with the affected arm abducted to 90 degrees. The elbow maintains 90 degrees of flexion, while the shoulder reaches maximum lateral rotation, effectively mimicking the late cocking phase of the throwing motion. This position creates tension through the anterior shoulder structures, particularly the biceps-labral complex.

The dynamic component involves the patient stepping forward with the opposite leg, simulating the early acceleration phase of throwing. During this movement, the examiner provides calculated isometric resistance to the shoulder. This resistance helps isolate the relevant anatomical structures and elicit specific symptoms.

See Also: Biceps Brachii Muscle

What does a positive Throwing Test mean?

A positive throwing test manifests as pain localized to the long head of the biceps tendon or symptoms suggesting labral pathology. The test’s diagnostic value increases when interpreted as part of the “three-pack examination,” which includes O’Brien test and bicipital tunnel palpation. When all three tests prove negative, clinicians can reasonably exclude biceps involvement in the patient’s pathology.

References & More

1. Taylor SA, Newman AM, Dawson C, Gallagher KA, Bowers A, Nguyen J, Fabricant PD, O’Brien SJ. The “3-Pack” Examination Is Critical for Comprehensive Evaluation of the Biceps-Labrum Complex and the Bicipital Tunnel: A Prospective Study. Arthroscopy. 2017 Jan;33(1):28-38. doi: 10.1016/j.arthro.2016.05.015. Epub 2016 Jul 21. PMID: 27450901. Pubmed